UNITED STATES LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) MARKET
Natural gas is a fossil fuel majorly comprising of methane. As with other fossil fuels, it is formed deep beneath the earth’s surface due to the decomposition of dead plants and animals under extreme heat and pressures. Natural gas is cleaner than most other fossilized fuels. However, its calorific value is lower than the fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, and LPG.
UNITED STATES LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) MARKET
Natural gas is a fossil fuel majorly comprising of methane. As with other fossil fuels, it is formed deep beneath the earth’s surface due to the decomposition of dead plants and animals under extreme heat and pressures. Natural gas is cleaner than most other fossilized fuels. However, its calorific value is lower than the fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, and LPG.
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Natural gas is important for the United States economy. Around 40% of the United States electricity is generated through natural gas. Moreover, 34.12% of the primary energy consumption is through natural gas.
Lower price, higher production, and lower carbon footprints are some of the key factors driving the natural gas market growth in the US. The total proved reserves of the country as of 2020 are 12.6 trillion cubic meters. This forms 6.7% of the global total proved reserves.
About 3 million miles of mainline and other pipelines connect natural gas production locations and storage facilities with consumers in the United States natural gas pipeline network. However, in certain areas where transportation using pipelines is not possible, liquefying natural gas is a cost-effective way to transport it. Natural gas is cooled to about -260 degrees Fahrenheit to form Liquified Natural Gas, i.e., LNG. The volume reduction is 600 times the original.
The history of LNG in the United States can be traced back to the 1970s, when the country was diversifying its energy sources to reduce its dependence on oil. The first LNG plant prototype was constructed in West Virginia in 1912 which became operational in 1917. In 1941, Cleveland, Ohio, was the first city in the country to build a commercial liquefaction facility. Since then, the country has exponentially increased its capacity for natural gas production and trade.
Up until 2016, the country’s consumption of natural gas exceeded that of production. But due to increased production capacities, the country is producing more, which raises the prospects of exporting the country’s natural gas. There is a lack of pipeline infrastructure for exporting natural gas to Europe and Asia-Pacific, where there are huge demands. In such a scenario, natural gas is transported in the form of LNG through ships and tankers.
Since LNG is highly flammable and major exporting takes place by the sea, the industry players must follow several regulations. Key regulatory authorities that govern the LNG industry in the country are PHMSA, State Enforcement, FERC, US Coast Guard, and Maritime Administration.
The top LNG companies in the country are Cheniere Energy, Exxon Mobil, Chesapeake Energy, BP, etc.
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- UNITED STATES LNG MARKET: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- UNITED STATES OVERALL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
- UNITED STATES PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
- NATURAL GAS
- UNITED STATES NATURAL GAS TOTAL PROVED RESERVES, PRODUCTION, AND CONSUMPTION
- TOTAL PROVED RESERVES
- NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION
- NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION
- UNITED STATES NATURAL GAS TOTAL PROVED RESERVES, PRODUCTION, AND CONSUMPTION
- LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
- VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
- EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
- LIQUEFACTION
- SHIPPING
- STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION
- END-USERS
- TRADE
- EXPORTS
- IMPORTS
- LNG TERMINALS
- LIST OF LNG EXPORT TERMINALS
- LIST OF LNG IMPORT TERMINALS
- REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR LNG
- VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: UNITED STATES NATURAL GAS TOTAL PROVED RESERVES, 2000, 2010, AND 2020 (IN TRILLION CUBIC METERS)
TABLE 2: UNITED STATES NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION, 2016-2020 (IN EXAJOULES)
TABLE 3: UNITED STATES NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION, 2016-2020 (IN EXAJOULES)
TABLE 4: UNITED STATES LNG EXPORTS, 2016-2020 (IN BILLION CUBIC METERS)
TABLE 5: UNITED STATES LNG IMPORTS, 2016-2020 (IN BILLION CUBIC METERS)
TABLE 6: LNG EXPORT TERMINALS, EXISTING
TABLE 7: LNG EXPORT TERMINALS, NOT YET BUILT
TABLE 8: LNG IMPORT TERMINALS, EXISTING
TABLE 9: LNG IMPORT TERMINALS, NOT YET BUILT
TABLE 10: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: UNITED STATES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 2016-2020 ($ BILLION)
FIGURE 2: PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, BY FUEL TYPES, 2019 & 2020 (IN %)
FIGURE 3: PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 2016-2020 (EXAJOULES)
FIGURE 4: UNITED STATES NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION VS CONSUMPTION, 2016-2020 (IN EXAJOULES)
FIGURE 5: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
UNITED STATES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 2016-2020, ($ BILLION)
GDP (constant 2010 US$)
Source: World Bank
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